Lighting

              Physical hazards – Lighting

: Light

 Is a visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum which has a sensitive eye to see things around them.

This area of ​​the spectrum lies between infrared and ultraviolet.

 And colors of the visible spectrum are: violet - blue - green - yellow - orange - red

Which was discovered by Isaac Newton the world by passing light through the prism of colors to the previous analyzes the

And increase or decrease in the intensity of illumination required for reduction affects the integrity of the eye

:  Units of measure and quantities of light

1 - Candle CANDEL: equal to 60/1 of the light generated by (1 cm 2) of the metal surface of the platinum level in the temperature of intransigence (2046 Kelvin) in the direction vertical to the surface

2-  Allomen Lm: one measuring the luminous flux is the amount of light from a standard candle falls over the surface of one square foot of distance equal to one foot

3-  Optical Flow LUMINOUS FLUX: This quantity is defined as the amount of light estimated Ballomen

4- -level lighting: It is attributed to light falling on a surface from any source Shiny (sun - light) and the unity of measuring the level of lighting is a Luxury Lux and Luxury is the basic unit now to assess the effectiveness and the level of lighting and there are devices measured directly adopt the principle of photovoltaic cell

1 Lx = 1 Lm / m2

1 Lx = 0.0929 ft.c

(And the ft.c) foot candle is the light intensity over the surface area of ​​one square foot distribution by flow regularly scanned and the amount of one

: Work where workers are exposed to poor lighting

- Miners, tunnels and underground work

- Workers in the acidification coefficient imaging and radiology and other

Work where workers are exposed to light intensity:

- Exposure to glare during cutting and welding

- Exposure to bright light also occur for workers in the halls of film and television because of the intensity of light cameras

Damage suffered by the workers when they are inappropriate for lighting

- Low labor productivity for not feeling comfortable

- Kind of stress and pain of the head that the eye works harder in an atmosphere of non-natural lighting

- The possibility of injuries due to the good vision for a national danger.

- The severity of visual impairment

- Opacity of the lens of the eye (Alkatrakta)

: The impact of lighting on the eye

  weak lighting (severe lack of lighting)   -

When there is poor lighting with the need for work to high-lighting it leads to eye strain and a sense of the person named dizziness dizzy eye, where they become a permanent eye make visualization frequency shaking in front of and exposure to long periods of inadequate lighting may cause acute effects such as:

- Headaches

- Permanent eye pain

- Congestion around the cornea

- Nystagmus eye and the fear of light

powerful lighting (increase in the intensity of light)-

 Occur gradually fold in the power of vision loss and may, if continued exposure to intense light for a long time

Exposure of the eye and the dazzling light, such as welding metal workers to serious diseases such as in-kind:

- Inflammation of the eye optical

- There was the eye.

: Methods of prevention of the harmful effects of lighting- 

For the prevention of the negative effects of inadequate lighting in the work environment to take several actions including what is medical (initial and periodic examinations of workers, the provision of necessary medicines and first aid materials appropriate), including what is engineering (technical) In this regard, you should:

 providing lighting appropriate to the type of work being practiced, whether natural light or      artificial, and take into account that the distribution of the ports and skylights and openings natural lighting to allow the distribution of the light distribution of homogeneous regular places of work and the windshields clean inside and out on a permanent basis and not be blocked by
any impediment

 into account to ensure that natural light sources or light industrial homogeneous and to take appropriate means to avoid glare and diffuse light reflected

 wear personal protective equipment such as glasses work for welding and cutting

 Use the appropriate colors of paint that provide appropriate lighting

 Design the lighting system

 Good lighting system takes into account the study of the following elements:

 level of lighting required

 The nature of the required lighting

 The contrast and brightness work surfaces

:For further clarification of the

light level required-

          Means determines the amount of lighting required depending on the nature of work within each room in the facility, according to the following table

The task of working examples of the level of lighting LX

Generally 80 to 170 storage rooms and warehouses

Average accuracy from 200 to 300 repackaging - and carpentry workshops - Turning

Minutes of 500 to 700 read and write - Installation of equipment minute - Bakeries

Works very fine 1000 - 2000 Technical Drawing and Engineering - Maintenance Hours

Taking into account: the account amount closer to the upper limit or greater than in the initial design because:

- The possibility of gathering dust on the lamps, which reduces the amount of lighting

- Some of the work requires the wearing of goggles lenses require increased lighting the darkness of the pieces

To ensure the survival of the amount of light in the ideal situation with the survival of energy consumption within normal limits, it is way switch lights each period is the most appropriate solution as the return on the lamp decreases up to 50% after a period of time with the survival of energy consumption itself, for example, after (7500) operating hours decreases lamp output Filursant up 15% in addition to conducting periodic cleaning of the lamps from dust and dirt

The nature of lighting required-  

: Include the following

A - a light source and focus

Choose a light source suitable for the nature of the work as divided in terms of lighting sources to

- Natural light: Although the natural lighting free and healthy but they are not regular, which more often affects the actions that require a specific resolution

- Industrial Lighting: by lighting. Can be divided into artificial lighting used in the facilities to:

A - General lighting: They usually include all parts of the hall and be a regular distribution, and so when the extraordinary nature of the work

B - Lighting focused: It is a more lamps in a specific area to support the general lighting to serve the work, such as the concentration of lighting in some places that contain risks to distinguish them, such as corridors between Allalat

T - Spot Lighting: Located on a specific area for more than a small light in a specific location of the hall table, such as assembling small pieces

B - the color of light:

Appropriate color of the light plays an important role in improving the productivity of labor and make the best conditions of safety and to ensure visual comfort lamps are divided in terms of color to:

     * The color of a warm appearance: a white reddish It's best used in homes

     * The color with the appearance of the average temperature: a ordinary eggs and is used in most workplaces

     * The color appearance of a thermal cold: a bluish white and is recommended for use in businesses that require a high degree of lighting

Can also take advantage of the colors to distinguish places of danger such as placing a red lamp on the dangerous places

 C - the direction of light:

To determine the direction of light there are basic rules are essential, namely:

- Away from direct light or reflected on the eye

- Develop the work table so that the lighting comes from the top by working to reverse the hand that used

      Except in cases that require a focus on lighting a particular place

The contrast and brightness of the surfaces of work-

The presence of shiny surfaces in the work environment may cause reflection of light on the eye, causing Tavea factor, especially when working in environments with moderate lighting and suddenly when you consider working to a certain point there is bright light on the degenerative surface, such as:

- The walls of shiny

- Whiter than white walls contrasts with the dark ground color

- Reflective surfaces for tables or polished parts of the machine

This is what leads us to emphasize the need to choose the appropriate color and material in the design of the walls and equipment, reduce the brightness to reduce the proportion of variation in the work area.