Chemical Risk

Chemical Risk:

Play a chemicals major role in the lives of individuals and peoples to become the well-being and progress of peoples is measured including findings of the discovery and use of chemicals in various areas of life, and use of chemicals double-edged sword, if the best use of the express facial bright and useful to mankind 00 If abused the use of these materials they reveal the ugly face that causes the destruction of human and wasting the lives of individuals as
The expansion in the production of massive amounts of chemicals and the increasing number of these chemical compounds each year is the result of industrial expansion in the world, especially the chemical industry Kalptr, chemicals, paper industry, paint and plastics, pesticides and fertilizers.

According to the statistics of international organizations:
 • uses about a hundred thousand chemicals on a global scale.
 • enter the market each year, about a thousand new chemicals.
 • total global production of chemicals, about / 400 / million tons in the year to raise the level of trading
And use in various fields of industrial, agricultural, medical, scientific and service.
 hazardous substances kill about 834 thousand workers per year, and attributed about 10% of all cancers of the skin for exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace.
 • asbestos alone is responsible for a hundred deaths each year and the figure is rising.

Thus, exposure to industrial chemicals such diverse can lead to unhealthy work environments and this is what created the risk of dealing with the chemicals used: materials used, the materials produced, collateral materials, intermediate materials, impurities. It could also be the effects of these chemicals, such as catastrophic flammability and explosion, and others. It is therefore necessary to have a safety data sheets Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) which shows the nature of the material used and the citizen and the way in which risk-friendly sound Of chemicals.

There is a chemical in the work environment in one of the following images 1- liquid (acid - alkaline - solvent) solutions of the membership - acids - paints - liquid detergent - liquid pesticides and enter through skin absorption or ingestion or injection

 2 -hard: (- inorganic) chemicals scouring powders dusts pesticides and industrial processes such as dust and asbestos cement (amines) and enter through the nose or mouth

 3 -gas: vapors, fumes and gases, metal welding process resulting from the evaporation of metal and chemical materials and burned, and their interaction, storage, misuse or outputs to work (gas and steaming - Trthh - ...) and enter through the nose

 Causes dangerous chemicals

It is therefore the chemicals of the most serious thing and the human face for many reasons, among them the following: -
 chemicals that take more than one form is present in the image of (liquid - gas - solid)§
 the ability to force the human body and through the rapid (respiratory, digestive, and contact with§
Skin)
 the impact on members of the body is their interaction with some members of the body and thus affect it adversely§
Such as cirrhosis of the lung and blood poisoning
 that the degree of impact caused by the severe body of this article may occur immediately after entering the body, or occurs after§
Period of time
 Some of these materials have no taste and no smell or color and therefore difficult for the human sense of speed or discovered§
 that the rapid spread of these materials from their locations and expand the base effect caused by damage§
 that the presence of these substances the body leads to the non-equilibrium and affect the efficiency of some members of the body§
 impact may occur in some organs, such as work equipment rust or corrosion and explosion and fire of self-§


Classification of chemicals according to toxicity and adverse effect to health
A - irritating substances:
They are characterized by the impact of topical Tkherisa of the eyes, skin and respiratory system. - The determination of irritable part of the respiratory tract is related to the solubility in water) or mucous membranes (
Fluorine and ammonia, chlorine and acid irritating to the upper respiratory tract. Chlorine and bromine gases and oxides of sulfur irritating to the air tubing. Phosgene and nitrogen dioxide is irritating to the pulmonary alveoli. Occurring chemicals irritating to the skin Kalhmoud and alkali metal organic and localized effects of different intensity. - It is not easy to establish a boundary between irritation and corrosion, but the irritation is often superficial in nature.

 B - Materials sensitizer:
Substances that occur in their entry to membership Thssea interaction is reflected in the form of contact dermatitis or respiratory problems (tar, resins, compounds and naphthalene Alaiteleyn (

C - inhibitory substance:
Affect some of the material on the central nervous system as materials or inhibitory drugs and used them Kmkhaddrat medical department.
- In addition to their impact on health may have an impact on safety.
- Organic solvents are generally narcotic chemical compounds

D - the suffocating material:
These materials are divided in terms of the mechanism of its influence to:
- Materials Canyon is simple: It is not toxic in itself but that the high concentration at the expense of oxygen leads to reduce the oxygen level is essential to the process of breathing. (Co2)
- Khanqat Chemical substances that interfere with blood oxygenation in the lungs or later with the tissue oxygenation-Co) hydrogen cyanide (
And - carcinogens:
Substances that lead exposure is a potential for carcinogenic effects (benzene, asbestos, aromatic amines)
- May have a long latency period of cancer.
- Carcinogenic effects can occur at any exposure limit.
- Must be treated with chemicals that are not equally likely carcinogenicity with extreme caution.
H - substances with toxic Systemic materials are attacking the vital organs of members or mechanisms of toxicity may not be understood in some cases.
Lead, benzene, Co, Altoleodan affect the blood.
Lead, manganese, benzene, mercury affects the nervous system and brain.
Chromium, nickel, phenol affects the skin.
Fourth carbon chloride, cadmium affects the liver and kidneys.
G - mutagenic substances:
A material affect on the chromosomes and genetic changes occur, leading to genetic damage.
- Mutagenic substances can affect the chromosomes of each parent.
- The results of the research that most carcinogens mutagenic effects.
H - Materials Almaskhh:
A material impact on the fetus occurs in utero, leading to the occurrence of birth defects
I - substance on mental health:
Substances that result in exposure to a vital alterations affecting the central nervous system, leading to a breach of the psychological and mental health of workers.
(Mercury, the second carbon-sulfur, Stoddard solvent)

Environmental risk:
It refers to the disruptive effects of direct or late from waste materials
Chemicals (liquid, solid and gas) on the elements of the general environment.
A - Soil
B - Water
C - vegetation
D - Animal
E - on the atmosphere

 Classification of chemicals according to the seriousness of the article: 1- self-gravity:
It refers to the intrinsic properties (physical - chemical) contained in the article and which are classified on the basis of in one of the following groups:
A - flammable materials: the materials are issued fumes or flammable gases, either alone or in combination with a substance or compound or a combination of the availability of other external factors.
Is determined by the degree of susceptibility flammable material, depending on what is called the flash point.
B - explosive materials:
It is a material containing the intrinsic properties make it a potentially explosive impact of external factors (physical - mechanical) such as heat or sparks, or impact or crushing. - All flammable materials have the ability to form an explosive mixture with air at a given concentration and the availability of catalysts. - Can be saved for all gases under high pressure constitute a risk of explosion in the conditions of assistance.

 C - oxidizing substances:
It is a material rich in oxygen and highly reactive with other substances liberated large amounts of heat (above chlorates and peroxides (
D - corrosive substances:
Substances capable of causing destruction of the living tissue on contact with her, and the degree of acidity less than 2 or more 12.5 (acids, bases, or strong (
E - chemically active substances:
Chemically active substances which result in their interaction with other chemicals to the possibility of accidents, hazardous materials are a result of flammable or explosive materials or highly toxic.