Fires "classification- causes- risks"

  Fires classification 

Category talk agreed by the European countries is divided into four types of fires are

 Type I fires CLASS (A) FIRES

Namely that arise in solids that are often of the nature of the organic (carbon compounds) such as paper, wood, fabrics and other plant fibers, usually burn up in the form of Jmrat glowing, characterized by that the majority of these materials porosity and easy for her to absorb the water, affecting the cooling of the inside of that Water is the most appropriate means to extinguish such fires.

Methods of extinguishing fires

Methods of extinguishing fires

Theory is based on the dimensions of fire one or more of the three elements mentioned above for the updated fire, that is based on the theory of fire break by removing a triangle ignition ribs or all of the ribs and therefore are subject to fire three methods are: -

First, cooling the fire
And is intended to reduce the temperature of burning, using water which is thrown on the fire and adopt this method mainly on the ability of water absorption to the heat of material burning fire, and find water when it is used for cooling purposes two types of changes, it gets hot until it reaches its boiling point and turn to vapor above the surface of the fire, and serve to mute the fire of oxygen decrease the proportion of air.

The principles of fire

Fire

1 - Introduction:
Start fires usually on a small scale because most of them arising start from a little spark because of the neglect to follow the ways of preventing fires, but it quickly spread if not promptly Batafaúha leaving losses and the risk of heavy loss of life and luggage, money and facilities, due to the presence of large quantities of flammable materials in everything that surrounds us things that our presence in various locations and the environment surrounding us in the house and the street, school, workplace and places of pleasure, recreation and other sites, and that if there had been a fire for the rest of us and inflicted heavy losses Bmmtlkatna costs. Therefore we must take preventive measures from the dangers of fires to prevent their occurrence and the elimination of their causes, with the potential to control in case it breaks out and put out as soon as possible with minimal losses.

Safety requirements during storage

Safety requirements during storage

 Substances should be classified according to their nature, characteristics and implementation of written instructions on the parcels and taking into account their homogeneity when stored so
as to store each distinct type of material separately so easy to identify the appropriate means 

To combat the fire and that fit the quality of stored materials

 must take into account the order of good when storing materials and selecting the sites are clear signs of stacks on the floor and is bound by a continuous basis

 must be only a high level stacks ceilings and there is a distance of not less than three feet between the top of stacks and the roof.

 must be the development of materials stored on metal shelves and lists are not placed directly on the ground to protect it from damage.

 must be periodic inspection of electrical installations and equipment for safety to prevent any 

sparks a result of faulty electrical installations spanning electrical stores

safety precautions in the storage of materials

Procedures and safety precautions in the storage of materials

Storage areas usually contain strategic reserves of the facilities of raw materials or product and other equipment and machinery, which is estimated funds of money, so it was necessary to secure the stores of the danger of fire or burglary and theft to preserve what they contain, and the process is based fire insurance to prevent erupted and full readiness to confront him in case it occurs because of the fires posed by heavy losses of materials stored combustible. And even in the case of non-usability of combustion it harm her exposure to the smoke or the rise in temperature as a result of a fire to other materials and flammable nearby, as well as damage may occur as a result of water used in fire fighting operations. There are three considerations when followers due to the process of securing the most important stores separate storage locations for manufacturing sites, and avoid the existence of any sources of ignition sites of storage and take measures to limit the spread of fire when it occurs storage sites.

Safety procedures in handling and lifting operations

Safety procedures in handling and lifting operations

 Make sure that there is no risk on the ground, especially slippery materials such as oils and fats as well as the earth is flat down the body to be lifted.§
 the values ​​of the size and body weight to be lifted and ask for help from others in the event of your inability to raise the body alone.§
 Be careful not to corner the fingers of the hand or the bottom of heavy exposure to the acute injury of the parties or the fall of the body on the feet.§
 to protect against back injuries that may result from erroneous methods of lifting materials be sure to follow the correct way to lift materials as follows:§

safety precautions in dealing with electricity& elevators

procedures and safety precautions in  dealing with electricity

Have on workers in the workshops of the institution comply with procedures and safety precautions for the prevention and protection from power supply and in particular consider the following:

 not to touch any of the electrical conductors before hand to make sure that its activity using electrical measuring devices allocated to it.§

 not to resort to the introduction of the parties to the bare electrical wiring in the sockets and the use of  Pistons  triangular.§

 Ensure that all electrical connections are covered with insulating material and protected by a secure way.§

Safety procedures in dealing with materials and devices

 Safety procedures in dealing with materials and devices:

1 - safety procedures in dealing with tires

 Dealing with the tires is limited to trained personnel.§

 adhere to wear personal protective equipment necessary to perform the work.§

 tire is inflated in steel cages allocated to it.§

 taking into account the safety standard blower tires and a commitment to use in such operations.§

 maintain the integrity of the air compressor and other equipment associated with this work.§

 conduct periodic inspection for the future of air in the compressor (Alkimberasr) once a year at least.§

 Safety procedures in the workshops, battery chargers, welding shops rubber,

First, the design of the workshop

 must be all the elements of the workshop materials, non-flammable§

 - take into account the availability of adequate natural ventilation openings on the area of ​​not less than (sixth) area of ​​the workshop§

 - Jeb availability of natural lighting the appropriate slots§

 - matching all wiring and electrical installation of the technical assets safe§

 - Listed arise from non-combustible to put the batteries§

 - workshop provides an electrical breaker to disconnect the power cord after the end of daily work, or when emergency§

Safety measures in car workshops

Safety measures in car workshops

This includes personal safety and the safety of personnel, vehicles, equipment and facilities and the safety of the environment.
Risks Porsche cars:

Vehicle / car as a source of risk:

- toxic gases (carbon monoxide)
- a potentially explosive gas (fuel vapors, gas battery)
- harmful gases (fuel vapors, acids)
- Plankton air (filings brakes, diesel soot smoke)
- toxic liquids (fuel, brake fluid)
- cocktails acids (acid battery)
-flammable liquids (fuel, brake fluid)
- hot liquids (liquid cooling)
 -slippery liquids (oils and fluids poured on the ground)
- parts and materials under pressure (springs, pools pressure, compressed air)
 -heavy parts (parts of the car, the car on the lift)
- rotating parts (belts, fan)
- hot parts (brakes, radiator,)
-sharp parts (iron sheets car)
- electric current (with HV, Blacks, Blacks cable)
- moving vehicles
- loud noise (engine)

Safety requirements in mechanical workshops

Safety requirements and safety in 
:mechanical workshops

:A - General procedures for safety in the workshops

 First, the design of the workshop

 must be all the elements of the establishment of the workshop materials, non-flammable§

 must be poured concrete floor to prevent the drink material and petroleum oils§

 must be safe all electrical connections§

 provide the workshop stream breaker to switch off the power after the end of daily work, or when emergency§

 The workshop provides a resource and an aqueous wash basin and a suitable system for the exchange§

safety precautions in dealing with electricity

 procedures and safety precautions in dealing with electricity

Have on workers in the workshops of the institution comply with procedures and safety precautions for the prevention and protection from power supply and in particular consider the following:

 not to touch any of the electrical conductors before hand to make sure that its activity using electrical measuring devices allocated to it.§

 not to resort to the introduction of the parties to the bare electrical wiring in the sockets and the use of Almkabbas triangular.§

 Ensure that all electrical connections are covered with insulating material and protected by a secure way.§

 not to walk over the wires and electrical connections and not to pass the machines and the development of hardware and hand tools over it for fear of damage to packaging buffer and exposure to infection.§

 not to exceed the load allocated to the electrical circuits and electrical circuits used only in the load limits allocated to them.§

safety regulation in the technical operations

Management and safety regulation in the technical operations


Policies, responsibilities and duties:

A - safety policies and occupational health:

* Within the general policies of the institution / company in the provision of safety factors in the whole areas of activity practiced by the Foundation seeks to ensure the safety of property and workers in the maintenance activity in accordance with the following policies:

 implementation of maintenance operations in a manner to ensure the health and safety of workers in the workshops and ensure the safety of dealing with these workshops.§

 ensure the safety of property through the safe operation of all machinery, equipment and devices used in the completion of maintenance operations.§

 implementation of its business in ways that protect the environment and prevent pollution and provide a safe working environment free of risks.§

 full compliance with the laws and regulations of the State related to safety and occupational health.§

Risks of medical work

Biological risks 

And here we show the vital nature of the risk from the viewpoint of occupational safety in a simple and will not expand out of the door of medical specialization, where some believe may be contaminated by the basic bio-medical work, but only the fact that there are other sources of pollution. Valverosat and bacteria that can be transmitted through:

1)  infected patients and contaminated instruments

2) contaminated food

3) place contaminated

prevention of electrical hazards

Methods of prevention of electrical hazards

1 - must when installing electrical wiring for lighting purposes to be in the pipes insulated from the inside may not be left open so as not to leak or moisture affect the heat and an electrical lead to the Palace
2 - should not hold the wire to shorten it or cast it beats the screws closer to the walls and for failure to cut the wire size required by

3 - You should be wires and cables used in electrical connections suitable for the current passing through them and the delivery of metal structures for electrical ground.

4 - Do not download any electrical socket in excess of the unit and note any hotter when the keyboard or the electric wiring to inform the competent for the work necessary and should not do any work of electrical or repairs except by specialists in the field of electricity.

5 - Connect the equipment compound land is suitable for static discharge any shipments once generated.

Electrical hazards

:Electrical hazards

The power of the most important energy sources and driving forces are used in most aspects of life, but in spite of the many benefits of electricity but it has some risks to human and material if not used properly the technical sound and as instructed by the safety of their own, as any negligence in taking reserves safety and safety of electricity could lead to serious accidents to individuals and facilities.

Voltage AC is often used in electrical work with the FA for dc applications and features of it is stream usually moves in one direction. And some machines need run to Use a voltage constant for being more appropriate for some production processes it is used in shipments of batteries stored in the Operations paint (coating) and in the refining of aluminum and electromagnetic lifting device drivers in most welding operations.

There are two types of electricity are: -

control the risks of chemicals

Techniques to control the risks of chemicals:

1 - replacement:

One of the methods to control the risks associated with the use of hazardous materials and techniques. It is replaced by the hazardous materials less hazardous materials, such as replacing the organic base with a glue to glue a water-based
Or replacement of work methods and techniques of hazardous work safer techniques such as replacing the process of mixing paint automatic hand mixer.

Safety rules in handling the chemicals:

Safety rules in handling the chemicals:

A- must - see the instructions specified in the Article ID card in circulation.
B - You must wear appropriate personal protective clothing.
C - You must verify the integrity of the packaging and transportation safety manual
D - you must use appropriate means to move the contents of large containers to small containers to prevent spills of hazardous liquids.
E - in the transport of dangerous liquid chemicals by hand, you should limit the amount transferred as much as possible, especially for the use of explosive and prone to break when you need to transfer large quantities of them, you should use wheelbarrows to prove to the provisions of the packages.
And - must be available to the trading of knowledge workers, the following matters:
- The implications of identity card.
- Risk materials and safety procedures.
- Rules and procedures of first aid.

Evaluation exposure to chemicals

Assess the exposure to chemical contaminants:

Evaluate exposure to chemicals in two ways:

- 1 Environmental Assessment:

By measuring the concentration of pollutants in the air of the working environment and thus Valtqqiem deals mainly with substances that enter the body through the respiratory system as it is there are limits and standards are the reference values ​​of the concentrations allowed its presence in the work environment

First - Occupational exposure limits: TLV:
 Refer to the concentrations of chemical contaminants airborne and which is believed according to the knowledge of the current, which was built on the basis of the dynamic of exposure, the exposure of workers to fixed values ​​of them during a specific time on a daily basis and / or weekly and / or annual basis throughout the period of professional life does not constitute any effects of deterministic on most vulnerable so do not lead to adverse effects in most workers.
It should be noted here that these values ​​do not use the quantitative threshold criterion for the protection of groups of child laborers and women of reproductive age or during pregnancy and lactation, where values ​​are used specific to each class.

Chemical Risk

Chemical Risk:

Play a chemicals major role in the lives of individuals and peoples to become the well-being and progress of peoples is measured including findings of the discovery and use of chemicals in various areas of life, and use of chemicals double-edged sword, if the best use of the express facial bright and useful to mankind 00 If abused the use of these materials they reveal the ugly face that causes the destruction of human and wasting the lives of individuals as
The expansion in the production of massive amounts of chemicals and the increasing number of these chemical compounds each year is the result of industrial expansion in the world, especially the chemical industry Kalptr, chemicals, paper industry, paint and plastics, pesticides and fertilizers.

prevention of radiation sources

Safety instructions for workers for the prevention of radiation sources

1. Must be all those working in the lab aware of and familiar with the risks of radioactive materials that are dealt with.

2 - not eating, drinking and smoking in the lab.
3 - is strictly forbidden to use sucking mouth in the case of dealing with liquids containing radioactive material.
4 - Do not store any food in refrigerators or chillers for radioactive materials.
5 - You should not eat radioactive material with hands and use tongs are allocated to it.
6 - must wash hands with soap and water after work.
7 - You must use the means of detection of radiation by the laboratory staff
8 - You must install appropriate warning signs at the entrance to the lab
9 - in those regions where the level of radiation that a person exposed to 5 ms at RIM, should be placed upon the appropriate warning signs.
10 - All containers used to store radioactive materials should be placed upon the appropriate warning signs.
11 - The need to use personal protective equipment for protection against radiation hazards: gloves - sunglasses - Palatine.
12 - Do not allow anyone inside the radiation lab in case there are no wounds in his body.

Radiation

Physical hazards - radiation

   Is a type of energy and release energy (thermal, optical or electrical or atomic) in the form of waves or particles from natural sources or industrial

Radiation risk:

 Can result in any of ionizing radiation (energy input to the cells of the body) to bring about changes in the chemical balance
The cells of the body and some of these changes may lead to the atomic disorder in the liquid for humans (DNA) and thus lead to serious genetic mutations may also be passed to the children after birth. and exposure to large amounts of radiation may lead to the occurrence of disease within hours or days and may lead to death within 60 days of
exposure in cases of exposure for very large amounts of death can occur within a few hours. and symptoms of radiation injury .
Ionizing may occur over a long period, for example in cancer of the blood within two years.Result the accumulation of radioactive substances the body and most of the information on the impact of radiation on man is obtained from
Studies conducted on the survivors of the atomic bombs dropped on Nagasaki and
Hiroshima.

   

cold, humidity, ventilation

 Cold

 Intended to decrease in temperature to the extent that affects the rights in the work environment and exposes him to the inability to perform its vital functions properly and is exposed to the risk of death may be the end

:Work where workers are exposed to the harmful effects of cold are

- Work in refrigerators, ice plants and ice cream and other cold areas

- In cold areas such as the Arctic

:The effects of low temperatures

 turbulence in the nervous and Uaaúah Parties§

 Cold shock: When you login to a very cool place, which may lead to muscle cramps§

 There are chronic diseases such as colds and other Shaath§

Heat - Control of the temperature in work place

Physical hazards - heat

It means the rise in ambient temperature on the extent that human beings can not bear that subjects it to the many risks of death may be its final phase, and measured the amount of heat is called calorimetry unit price or a quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of kilograms of material one degree Celsius

And heat in the work environment is one of the forms of energy and can produce heat in the work environment from natural sources such as sunlight or artificial, such as furnaces and others. Where heat is exchanged between these sources and objects in ways that work into the known heat exchange (radiation - Seek - pregnancy).

Lighting

              Physical hazards – Lighting

: Light

 Is a visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum which has a sensitive eye to see things around them.

This area of ​​the spectrum lies between infrared and ultraviolet.

 And colors of the visible spectrum are: violet - blue - green - yellow - orange - red

Which was discovered by Isaac Newton the world by passing light through the prism of colors to the previous analyzes the

And increase or decrease in the intensity of illumination required for reduction affects the integrity of the eye

vibration

vibration

 Reflect the oscillations of Concussion (oscillations) generated by the machine and hardware and felt by the human.

:Such vibrations can affect

 at the hands of a worker only: When the vibration enters the body through the hands (lathes - cyclones - ...) when any

 Vibrating machine or piece occupied only factor, however,

 over the entire body Group: This occurs when the factor is based on shaky ground (Kmqad issued on machine vibration, such as mechanisms of all kinds - work by some hydraulic machines Kalmtariq)

Direction and measurement of vibration

Vibration displacements may occur in three directions and rotation in three directions. People sitting

Valazahh expressed by pivotal displacement X (front and back), Y offset and side effects, Z vertical displacement.

Methods of prevention of vibrations

  technological methods and the use of machines from which a vibration.

 replacement of heavy machinery shaker with another light
.

 get rid of the factors that help to increase vulnerability to cold, such as vibrations.

 Training of employees to take appropriate and comfortable position when performing the work to provide them with the necessary personal protective equipment.

 the organization of work periods not to exceed the vibrations of worker exposure to more than (20-30%) of the working time per patrol
.

 take care not to infringe the physical properties of vibration limits where a record is exposure to more than 30 in the second jolt over the safe limits.

 medical examinations of initial and periodic for employees, with the necessity of taking into account the barriers in some medical personnel to work on the machines shaker.

Finally, to reduce vibrations on machines installed so that the rules do not allow the pipette vibration or displacement due to vibration Allalh (rubber, rubber metal composite)

Prevention From Noise

:Types of work hazards / physical risks

All the physical factors that exist in the work environment could adversely affect the health and lives of workers in the event of exceeding the permissible limits and starts the impact of these factors on the efficiency of individuals, which is reflected in the productivity and then diseases of various health which is what is known occupational diseases and depend severity of these diseases on factors several factors including the concentration of these (or one) in the workplace and the duration of exposure of workers and their frequency of exposure to these influences.

Risk of physical risk and the concrete work that can be managed through the means and the various preventive measures, to the fact that these risks are known and specific, measurable, detection and thus control.

Types of work hazards

Types of work hazards 

 mechanical hazards

The risk of mechanical all the suffering of the human element in the work place of the collision or contact between the body and between the solid body and this is during the movement of one of them. Factor that falls on the earth be in motion while the earth is fixed, as well as Reich scattered from the lathe or drill is in motion While a fixed factor, and can be part of the body contact portion worker moving a direct cause of injury between the fingers as input gears or wear contact portion revolving working machine as columns in the themes and Alhazvat Vingzb Group to the machine and place of injury Can be limited to mechanical movements in three
: forms

circular motion.

 or reciprocating slide movement.

 points overlap movement.

Types of business risk

:Types of business risk

First - the human element risks

 Not a coincidence that we start the human element as one of the causes of accidents according to most statistics of accidents is a factor is the basis and constitutes 80% of the causes of accidents (approximately), which is at the same time working basis on which we aim to maintain and fall accidents, work injuries as a result the worker or the human element often for reasons related to the following

Purely personal reasons

age- 

Age is a factor of other fundamental factors as the risk that the work must be based on medium-aged workers.

- A young worker (event) does not understand the nature of the playing experience of risk and may lead to something of a disaster. Child as an act of the metal piston

- Older worker reactions become slow to avoid danger

Classification of hazardous locations

Classification of hazardous locations   

Dangerous places are those places where there is a risk of fires and explosions due to the presence of volatile gases or vapors, liquids, volatile, combustible dust, fibers or burning volatile s (electrical appliances can be a source of ignition and take into account within the hazardous areas)

Hazardous areas are classified into three categories according to their type, condition and nature:

Hazardous areas according to the type (the type of hazardous material)

The first type of places

There are three types of dangerous places.