:Types of work hazards / physical risks
All the physical factors that exist in the work environment could adversely
affect the health and lives of workers in the event of exceeding the
permissible limits and starts the impact of these factors on the efficiency of
individuals, which is reflected in the productivity and then diseases of
various health which is what is known occupational diseases and depend severity
of these diseases on factors several
factors including the concentration of these (or one) in the workplace and the
duration of exposure of workers and their frequency of exposure to these
influences.
Risk of physical risk and the concrete work that can be managed through the
means and the various preventive measures, to the fact that these risks are
known and specific, measurable, detection and thus control.
:Of these risks include
Noise -, vibration -, lighting, heat, cold, humidity -, ventilation, air
pressure, radiation
Physical hazards - noise
Is loud, a mixture heterogeneous of the vote is desired, which is spread
in an atmosphere of work or in the street where the impact at activity of
workers decreases of their production as well as what caused them at long-term
gradual weakness in the power of hearing may have ended to deafness full no
promises the unwanted
Damages that may result from exposure of workers to noise:
• - audio effects is difficult to communicate and malaise, nervousness, lack of
ability to concentrate
• Audio effects which affect the auditory system and lead to deafness and is
divided into two types:
- The effects of audio-temporary: they affect the strength of hearing, but
disappear once the exposure.
- Audio-lasting effects: they occur as a result of the degradation of cells
infected with the human sensory and occupational deafness
Occupational noise can be classified into several basic types, depending on how
long it takes to noise
• constant noise: The noise level is constant or changes during the observation
period almost non-existent, such as engine generators EE epidemic, and sounds
of the textile machines
• Intermittent noise or rare occurrence: and here the noise level rises
suddenly and then what soon be back to normal without recurrence, such as the
voice of the bombing of the rocks in a stone quarry and sounds of hammers and
explosions
•
Pulse noise or road: and the level of noise in the form of recurring payments,
as in the voices of hydraulic hammer, the successive collisions and collisions
•
White noise as in the starting sounds of steam boilers
Sources
of noise in the multi-industry, including:
• machinery, especially heavy machinery
• the production process
• Motrut and compressors
• suction devices
• Machines that pneumatic
Of work where workers are exposed to the harmful effects of noise (noise)
- Spinning, weaving, blacksmithing and plumbing operations
- Grinding and screening processes to purify metals and stones
- Work at airport locations and the rise of aircraft landing
- Tests for driving machines in the automotive industry and diesel
Prevention
of noise can be divided into two main types of actions:
• procedures or methods engineering
• Medical procedures or methods
Prevent noise from the source by improving the design of machines and devices
Packaging machines are complete (except for the parts that need maintenance and
parts operation) by the bomber materials (plastics, plastic blocks) in order to
reduce noise
Reduce the vibrations on the rules of the installation of machinery or
absorbent soundproofed so as not to allow the removal or vibrating Allalh due
to vibration (rubber, rubber metal composite)
Replace some of the processes from which a noise is out of date ones to noise
such as welding arc or flame of oxygen and acetylene welding operations means
the place (rivets)
Replacement of metal gears which are used for the transfer of spin in the
machine (if possible) with another plastic
Isolate processes from which a noise by insulating walls
Prevent contact between the solids in the various extensions and on the
covers of solid walls and the Bhacoha with insulation (fiber, rock wool, foam
industrial solid
The use of sound absorbing materials in ceilings and walls to reduce noise from
the indirect or reflected noise
Medical procedures or methods
Statements and conduct tests on workers exposed to noise to determine the level
of hearing have
• the work of the initial medical examination at the start of work and the
exclusion of those with hearing defects from working in places prone to noise
• the work of periodic medical examinations to workers
• Use personal protective equipment for workers (such as ear plugs - earphones
- helmets which Ngda head and ears)
• awareness of the dangers of working noise and the available means of
prevention and its importance in maintaining safety.
• reduce the duration of exposure of workers to noise
• Increase the distance between the worker and the source of the noise
Noise
is measured in an international unit called decibel (db) Decibel is a unit of
measure Ugartmih reflect the disparity between Kdrtin according to the
following equation:
db = 20 Log (P/P0)
Where:
P-rated sound pressure measured in milliseconds bar
P0 = 0.0002 μ bar-reference value equal to the threshold of human hearing =
In general, the most important devices that are used to measure the intensity
of the noise depends on the measurement of sound pressure and convert it
internally through this equation gives a direct reading in decibels.
A border that can be natural for a person that works without leaving a bad
health effects on the hearing
:The following tables thresholds adopted by the Arab Labor Organization
Table of threshold limits for continuous noise
Noise level ((db 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115
Period of daily exposure in hours 168 642 0.1 00:50:25
Table
of threshold limits for intermittent noise
Noise level ((db 150 145 140 135 130 125 120 110
Exposure period (day) 10 30,100,300 10 000 30 000 1000 3000
And the dose that is calculated to be less or equal to one as follows:
Dose of exposure (day) = the actual duration of exposure divided by the
corresponding period of the noise standard
=
M. T.. P (the actual amount of exposure) / m. M. S (duration negotiable
standard)
Example: worker works for five (5) hours under the noise level and the ability
of 85 dB and (3) hours carving the noise level of 90 dB, is noise dose
experienced by working every day safe?
Total working time = 8 hours
Divided into two periods (5.3 hours)
Total time available per day = 12 hours (duration negotiable standard)
Divided into two periods (8.4 hours)
Therefore, daily exposure dose = 5/8 +3 / 4 = 0.62 0.75 = 1.37
Which is greater than one factor and therefore works of harm, unsafe as the
daily dose of noise that are exposed above the limit.
Notes from the previous example that when the exposure to noise during
the day is at intervals (two or more measurements so that the different noise)
is calculated by the cumulative impact of noise and not to influence the
individual to a level of noise from them.
As for the natural noise is allowed in the workplace which is called the level
of comfort varies from one country to another depending on the area (Rural -
City - Housing - Offices - ...), which shall not exceed in any case than 55 dB
hearing loss temporary or permanent
Some studies have shown the existence of the effect of noise on the heart,
where there is noise disturbance in heart rate and blood circulation and lead
to poor blood pressure, which is accompanied by pain in the region of the heart
disorder and Dqath
Noise affects the functions of the stomach and endocrine system and lead to
turbulence
lead to noise stress fast for the human body and negatively affects the
ability to focus at the individual
Noise affects the possibility of communication and understanding among
employees was dominating the voice instructions and the instructions or
warnings, which contributes to accidents and work injuries.
The effect on the psyche of the worker and his behavior
lead to sleep disorders is
the correct choice of design: Choosing the installation site search there is
no external noise and the development of high power generators in a private
room away from the facility - buy machinery with low noise
control of the source: is the source of the noise and the reform of
holidays, if any, or modify the machine so as to reduce the noise Katsiat
places of friction - Replacement of the parties to a deletion in the textile
machinery instead of rubber materials Allbeckalit
of isolation and containment: isolate the machine that made noise in a
private room away from the hall at work and can not be isolated not fit the
machine or machine part to be issued by the noise barrier
to noise absorbent materials: the walls are covered with materials such as
noise-absorbing rubber can reduce noise by 7 dB
hearing protectors: The last line of defense Almtojb use when the
impossibility to control the noise
: The following are examples of them
earplugs reduce up to 10 dB
silencers reduce noise arc up to 30 dB
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